Driven anchor.



I. G. HOWELL.

DRIVEN ANCHOR.

APPLIOATION FILED Dnc. 21, 1912.

1,086,053. Patented Feb. 3, 1914.

ISRALD G. HOWELL, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

DRIVERA ANCHOR.

'Specicationof Letters V.'Patent.`

Patented Feb. 3, 1914.

Application led December 21, 1912. Serial No. 737,947.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, IsRALD Gr. HOWELL, a citizen of the United States,and resident of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York,have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin Driven Anchors, ofwhich the following is a specification.

This invention relates to certain improvements in driven anchors andmore particularly to a type in which there are a plurality of separatearms or members which are foldable toward the body portion prior to thedriving of the anchor into position and which may swing outwardly topresent a greatly increased surface upon an upward or return movement ofthe anchor. An anchor of this character may be driven into the groundwithout disturbing the latter to any material extent, but can not vbewithdrawn without displacement of a large amount of the earth. In myimprdved construction I so connect the movable arms to the body portionthat when they are swung outwardly to the limiting position the stressdoes not come on the pivot pins but upon shoulders or stops speciallyprovided for this purpose. I also make the head of such shape that itserves to protect the arms during the driving of the anchor and producesan opening of suiicient size for the arms to pass through.

A further important feature of my invention resides in the formation ofthe upper end of the body in such a manner that when said anchor is tobe used as a mooring, a chain, cable, or the like may be connected tothe anchor, before the latter is driven and after the driving the uppersection` of the body may be removed so as to leave thelower section oranchor proper buried and the chain or cable free to be attached to asuitable float.

My invention may be employed as a part of a mooring as above indicated,but may also be used for any purpose where it is 'desired to form a firmanchorage in the ground. The device may be used as a base for posts, ortelegraph poles or as the anchorage for guy wires.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawing forming a part ofthis specication and in which similar reference characters indicatecorresponding parts throughout the several views, and in whichp Figure 1is a side elevation of one construction embodying my invention and shownwith the arms in open or expanded position; Fig. 2 is a side eleva-tionsimilar to Fig. 1, but showing the arms in closed or folded position;Fig. 3 is a side elevation of a portlon of the body on an enlarged scaleand showing portions of two arms attached thereto; Fig. 4 is a top planview, showing the arms in opened position and the body in transversesection; Fig. 5 is a perspective View of one of the arms, and

ig. 6 is a view illustrating one use to which my invention may be put.

In the preferred embodiment, I employ a body portion 10 which may be ofany suitable form in cross section but which is preferably rectangular.The body portion is in the form of a bar having a head 11 pointed at itslower end and having its upper end of somewhat larger cross sectionalarea than the body portion.` In other words the head presents a shoulderor flange 12 projecting, outwardly in all directions from the sides ofthe body.

Pivotally secured to the body portion are a plurality of arms so mountedthat their outer ends may swing downwardly away from the body portionuntil nearly at right angles thereto. These arms may be of any desiredshape or size and the number may be varied to suit the purpose for whichthe anchor is to be employed, but as a simple embodiment of myinvention, I have illustrated four of these arms 13, 14, 15 and 16, eachpivoted at a different pointalong the length of the body and eachpivoted upon a separate side. Each of the arms is in the form of a flatblade of a Width preferably approximating the Width of the head and of alength dependent upon the. character of the material into which theanchor is designed to be driven. The thickness of each arm is dependentupon its width and length of `stress which may remove the anchor andupon the amount be exerted tending to from its position after it hasbeen once driven home. The arms may be pivotally connected to the bodyin various'different ways preferably each arm has a recess 17 extendinginto one end thereof, so as to form two separate side portions 18adapted to lie upon oppositel sides of the body 10. Each armad]acentsaid recess has two upwardly extending lugs 19 as is clearly shown inFig. 5. These lugs 19 have openings in alinement and are adapted to lieupon eppoi site sides ,0f the body, so that a pivot pin 20 may extendthrough thetwo lugs 19 and through the body 10and permit the verticalswingmg of the arm. The pivot pin is at such distance from the adjacentside of the arm and the lugs 19 are so positioned and so formed thateach arm may swing upwardly to a position substantially parallel withthe body portion'. Adjacent to the pivot pin the body is provided withstops for limiting the downward swing of each arm and preventing it frompassing beyond a position inclined upwardly to a slight extent from thehorizontal. These stops preferably include two separate lugs 21 upon the`Opposite sides of the body and adjacent to the surface, opposite to thecorresponding arm and a lug 22 on the surface bearing the correspondingarm. The two lugs 21 present shoulders 23 set at the desired angle sothat the projecting ends 18 of the arm will come into engagement withthe under sides of the lugs 21 as is clearly indicated in Fig. 1. Thelug 22 presents an upper face 24; upon which the lower side of the armmay rest as is clearly indicated in Fig. 3. In order to prevent thenecessity of undercutting the surface 24 at an angle correspondingtothat of the arm, the arm itself is provided with a recess in its lowerJside into which the upper portion of the lug 22 may extend so that theupper surface of the said lug 22 may be horizontally or downwardly andoutwardly inclined.

The two lowermost arms 13 and 14 are preferably upon opposite sides andat different elevations and the next two arms are at differentelevations and up on the other t-wo sides of the rectangular body. Ifdesired each of the three lower arms may be provided with suitablerecesses 25 in which portions of the upper arms may extend when the armsare folded upwardly as indicated in Fig. 2.

I have only illustrated one construction of arms and one method ofsecuring them in position but it is evident that various changes may bemade in the proportions of the arms and the method of attaching withoutdeparting from the spirit of my invention. I have shown the projectingends 1S of the arms abutting against stops 21, but I may form thesestops by providing the said projecting ends with pins movable in curvedslots in the sides of the body so that the ends of theslots constitutethe stops which limit the upward movement of the opposite or free endsof the arms. I have also illustrated the arms as being attached only tothe body,

any additional number of arms desired.

There might be more arms on one side than on another if the strain towhich the anchor is to be subjected is one tending to tilt theanchorlaterally as well as to pull it out of the material within whichit is embedded.

As previously indicated my invention may be utilized as an anchor forany structure or lexible connecting member, but is particularly designedfor use as a part of a mooring and I provide means whereby it may befirmly driven into the material at the bed of the body of water wherethe mooring is to be used. The upper end of the body port-ion ispreferably'made cylindrical and is exteriorly threaded so that a tube 26of any desired length may be detachably secured thereto and used as ahandle for positioning the anchor and as a means whereby the anchor maybe driven into position. The upper end of the body is also provided withan eye 27 or any other suitable means to which-a chain, cable, hawser,or other flexible connecting means 28 may be secured. Preferably thisconnecting means is extended up through the tube 26 when the parts are.assembled and by means of the tube the anchor is held in place whileblows are delivered to the upper end of the tube. l/Vhen the anchor hasbeen driven down into the bottom to the desired distance, and preferablyto such a distance that the upper end of the body will come flush withor below the surface of the bed, the tube is rotated to unscrew it fromthe body and is pulled up off of the chain or the like so that the chainwill be free to. swing from the upper end of the body. A suitable yfloat29 may be permanently attached to the upper end of the body as is commonpractice in mooring for boats.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire toprotect by Letters Pat/ent is:

l. An apparatus of the class described, including an elongated bodyportion, and a plurality of arms pivotally secured thereto, each of saidarms having lugs extending upon opposite sides of said body portion andspaced pivot lugs projecting upwardly from the face of each arm adjacentto the baseof the. first mentioned lugs and adapted to engage withopposite sides of said body portion, a pivot pin extending through saidbody portion and said pivot lugs adjacent to one side surface of saidbody portion, the said rst mentioned lugs terminating adjacent to theopposite surface of said body portion, and means independent of saidpivot pins for limiting the downward swinging movement pf said arms. Y

2. An apparatus of the class described including a body portion, an armhaving spaced port-ions disposed upon opposite sides.

of said body and terminating adjacent to the side opposite to said arm,lugs upon said Cir first mentioned sides and presenting lower contactsurfaces for the spaced portions of said arm, a lug on the side'bearingsaid arm andbeneath the latter and presenting an upper bearing surfacefor said arm and pivotal connections between said body portion and saidarm intermediate of said first mentioned lugs and said last mentionedlug.

3. An apparatus of the class described including a body portion, an armhaving a recess 1 n one end thereof and intermedlate of the side edgesand adapted to receive said body portion, said body portion havingoutwardly projecting lugs adapted to engage with the upper surface ofsaid arm upon opposite sides of said recess, and a lug adapted to engagewith the under surface of said arm adjacent the base of said recess andpivotal connections between said arm and.

said body portion.

4. A driven anchor including a body portion in the form of a barsubstantially rectangular in cross section and having a projection uponone side thereof presenting-a substantially horizontal upper face andprojections upon the two adjacent sides and presenting inclined lowerfaces, an arm having a recess in one end thereof adapted `to receivesaid body with the portions of said arm upon .opposite sides of saidrecess di'sposed beneath the inclined surfaces of said second mentionedprojections and having a recess communicatlng with the first mentionedrecess and receiving the upper surface of said first mentionedprojection and means for pivotally connecting said arm to said bodyportion to permit the outer end of the arm to swing upwardly toward aposi- `tion parallel with said body.

5. An apparatus of the class described including a body portion, an armhaving a recess in one end thereof intermediate of the side edges andadapted to receive said body portion, said body portion having stopsadapted to engage with the upper surface of said arm upon opposite sidesof said recess and a stop adapted to engage with the under surface ofsaid arm adjacent the base of said recess and pivotal connectionsbetween said arm and said body portion.

Signed at New York city, in the countyv of New York and State of NewYork, this 20th day of December, A. D. 1912.

ISRALD G. HOWELL.

Witnesses:

C. W. FAIRBANK, FLORENCE LEVIEN.

